This proposal is part of the panel “Umberto Eco's Lector in Fabula/The Role of the Reader 40 years later” In Lector in fabula (1979) Umberto Eco develops the approach already defined in the Trattato di semiotica generale (1975), which linked the decoding of the sememes to the circumstances and contexts in which they are given. In short, it goes beyond the limits of individual words in a direction that is clearly encyclopedic and pragmatic. In this horizon, the Lector returns to the category of "ideology" (which he had addressed in the Trattato in chapter 3.9) but with a different inflection. If, in 1975, with “ideology” Eco means the discursive construction that rhetorically conceals the contradiction of the semantic system, in 1979 ideology is presented above all in terms of ideological competence, filter of pertinentization. The idea that there are no neutral interpretations is radicalized: the interpretation can be understood only as a personal form of correlation, legitimate in the measure in which it is declared. But in this way my impression is that we abandon the ambition of 1975 to unmask, through ideological systems, the forcing of coherent social discourse, the rhetoric strategies of some peculiar discourses. If, in short, in 1975 just some discourses were ideological, in 1979 every interpretation is, for nature, ideological. And consequently, if in 1975 the category of ideology was functional to a critical look at the contradictory nature of cultural encyclopedias and at the interests hidden in some partial discourses, in 1979 the category of ideology is just functional to explain the multiplicity of interpretations: many universes of values-many interpretations. In this passage we lose the interest in a direction of criticism of culture, for a more focused approach on the analysis of the functioning of the interpretation.